Heart of Neolithic Orkney

Heart of Neolithic Orkney: A Comprehensive Guide

Located on the Mainland of the Orkney Islands, Scotland, the Heart of Neolithic Orkney is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the most important archaeological sites in Europe. This ancient complex is home to some of the finest examples of Neolithic architecture in the world.

History and Significance

The Heart of Neolithic Orkney dates back to around 3200-2500 BC, during the Neolithic period when agriculture began to emerge across Europe. The site was likely inhabited by a community of farmers who built the complex using locally-sourced stone and earth. The area was chosen for its unique geology, with the nearby Scord of Brouster providing a rich source of limestone and sandstone.

The Five Main Sites

The Heart of Neolithic Orkney is comprised of five main sites:

  1. Skara Brae: This Neolithic village is one of the best-preserved in Europe. The site features eight houses, with the largest being 36 feet long. Skara Brae was likely home to around 50-60 people and dates back to around 3100-2500 BC.
  2. Maes Howe: This massive stone tomb is over 5,000 years old and one of the most impressive examples of Neolithic engineering in Europe. The site features a single entrance chamber with a stone roof, making it an excellent example of Neolithic architecture.
  3. The Ring of Brodgar: This ancient circle is one of the largest and most impressive Neolithic monuments in Britain. The site features 60 stones, each weighing up to 10 tons, arranged in a circular pattern around a central stone.
  4. The Broch of Gurness: This broch is a type of Iron Age tower that dates back to around 1000-500 BC. While not Neolithic, it’s an excellent example of the transition from Neolithic to Bronze Age architecture in Scotland.
  5. The Barnhouse Settlement: This Neolithic settlement is comprised of several houses and a communal building. The site features some impressive examples of Neolithic stone construction, including a large communal building with a hearth.

Things to Do

  • Take a guided tour: A knowledgeable guide will help you understand the history and significance of each site.
  • Explore Skara Brae: This is one of the most well-preserved Neolithic villages in Europe. Be sure to visit the largest house, which features several artifacts from the time period.
  • Visit Maes Howe: This ancient tomb is an impressive example of Neolithic engineering. Take a moment to appreciate the sheer scale and complexity of this 5,000-year-old structure.
  • Walk around The Ring of Brodgar: This massive stone circle is one of the most impressive Neolithic monuments in Britain. Try to imagine what it would have looked like when first built over 4,500 years ago.
  • Explore The Barnhouse Settlement: This site features several houses and a communal building, making it an excellent example of Neolithic architecture.

Practical Information

  • Getting There: The Heart of Neolithic Orkney is located on the Mainland of the Orkney Islands. The nearest airport is at Kirkwall.
  • Opening Hours: Each site has its own opening hours, but generally, they are open from 9 am to 5 pm in the summer months and 10 am to 4 pm in the winter.
  • Ticket Prices: Prices vary depending on the site, but expect to pay around £5-£7 per person for a single ticket. Discounts are available for families and students.
  • Facilities: Each site has its own car park and toilets. Some sites also have a café or tea room.

Accommodation

The Orkney Islands offer a range of accommodation options, from budget-friendly B&Bs to luxury hotels. Be sure to book in advance, especially during the summer months when tourists flock to the area.

  • Budget-Friendly Options: The B&B at The Old Town House ( around £40-£60 per night) or the Hostel at Kirkwall (around £20-£30 per night).
  • Mid-Range Options: The Hotel at Stromness (around £80-£100 per night) or The Guesthouse at Kirkwall (around £50-£70 per night).
  • Luxury Options: The Hotel at Kirkwall (around £150-£200 per night) or The Castle at Stromness (around £100-£150 per night).

Food and Drink

The Orkney Islands are famous for their seafood, and you’ll find plenty of excellent restaurants serving up fresh fish and shellfish. Be sure to try some local specialties like Crab Cakes or Smoked Salmon.

  • Budget-Friendly Options: The Café at Skara Brae (around £5-£10 per meal) or the Food Truck at Kirkwall (around £5-£10 per meal).
  • Mid-Range Options: The Restaurant at Stromness (around £20-£30 per meal) or The Bistro at Kirkwall (around £15-£25 per meal).
  • Luxury Options: The Fine Dining Restaurant at Kirkwall (around £50-£70 per meal) or The Seafood Restaurant at Stromness (around £40-£60 per meal).

Tips and Tricks

  • Be sure to bring a good camera, as the scenery is breathtaking.
  • Wear comfortable shoes, as you’ll be walking around the sites.
  • Bring a waterproof jacket, as the weather can be unpredictable.
  • Don’t miss the sunset at The Ring of Brodgar – it’s truly unforgettable.

Conclusion

The Heart of Neolithic Orkney is an absolute must-visit destination for anyone interested in history, architecture, or the great outdoors. With its stunning landscapes, rich cultural heritage, and excellent tourist facilities, this UNESCO World Heritage Site has something to offer everyone. So why not come and explore the Heart of Neolithic Orkney – we promise you won’t be disappointed!