Ancient City of Polonnaruwa

Ancient City of Polonnaruwa: A Hidden Gem in Sri Lanka

Located in the North Central Province of Sri Lanka, the Ancient City of Polonnaruwa is a UNESCO World Heritage Site that served as the capital of Sri Lanka from the 11th to 13th centuries. This remarkable medieval city, established during the reign of King Parakramabahu I (1153-1181 AD), represents the pinnacle of ancient Sinhalese civilization. The city flourished during the Polonnaruwa Period as a major political, religious, and cultural center before being abandoned and later rediscovered as one of Asia’s most significant archaeological sites.

Historical Significance:

Polonnaruwa succeeded Anuradhapura as Sri Lanka’s capital and was developed into one of the world’s most advanced cities of its era. King Parakramabahu I transformed it into a planned urban center with sophisticated irrigation systems, grand temples, and palatial structures. The city’s decline began in the 13th century following invasions and shifts in political power. Today, the ruins span approximately 3,600 acres and showcase Buddhist architecture, sculpture, and engineering from the medieval period.

Where to Visit:

  • The Royal Palace: The imposing multi-story palace complex built during King Parakramabahu I’s reign, featuring seven-story architectural remains and ornate stone foundations.
  • The Gal Vihara: One of Sri Lanka’s most iconic Buddhist monuments, featuring four stunning granite rock Buddha statues carved into a single rock face, depicting the Buddha in standing, sitting, and reclining poses. The 46-foot reclining Buddha is particularly magnificent.
  • The Lankatilake Temple: A well-preserved temple structure dedicated to Lord Buddha with intricate stone carvings, pillars, and sculptures representing medieval Sinhalese artistic mastery.
  • The Alahana Pirivena: An ancient monastic complex and center of Buddhist learning, built during King Parakramabahu I’s reign, featuring multiple shrines and scholarly spaces.
  • The Rankoth Vihara: A stunning brick stupa rising over 100 feet, restored in recent decades, showcasing the city’s architectural grandeur.
  • The Hatadage: A sophisticated rectangular temple structure with ornate stonework protecting ancient Buddhist relics.

Where to Eat:

  • The Polonnaruwa Hotel Restaurant: Offers a range of traditional Sri Lankan cuisine using fresh local ingredients.
  • The Randoliya Restaurant: Serves delicious street food-style dishes and has a cozy atmosphere.
  • The Alu’s Restaurant: Specializes in Chinese and Western cuisine, with stunning views of the surrounding countryside.

Where to Stay:

  • Polonnaruwa Hotel: A comfortable hotel located in the heart of the city, offering stunning views of the ruins.
  • Tissa Wewa Resort: A serene resort nestled near a tranquil lake, perfect for relaxation and nature walks.
  • Cinnamon Lodge: A modern hotel with beautiful gardens and an outdoor pool.

Activities:

  • Guided Walking Tours: Explore the ancient city on foot with knowledgeable guides who reveal the historical significance and architectural details of each ruin.
  • Bicycle Tours: The ruins are best explored by bicycle, allowing you to cover the vast 3,600-acre site efficiently. Cycling paths wind through ancient Buddhist temples, royal palaces, and meditation gardens, making it ideal for both history enthusiasts and outdoor adventurers.
  • Sunrise and Sunset Visits: Experience Polonnaruwa at dawn or dusk when the ruins are illuminated by golden light, creating particularly photogenic and spiritually contemplative moments.
  • Boat Rides: Take tranquil boat rides on nearby lakes like Tissa Wewa or Parakrama Samudra, perfect for spotting water birds and enjoying the region’s natural beauty.
  • Photography Tours: Capture the intricate stone carvings, Buddha statues, and ancient architecture that make Polonnaruwa a photographer’s paradise.
  • Cultural Workshops: Participate in local crafts, traditional painting, or meditation sessions at nearby centers.

Tips:

  • Best Time to Visit: The best time to visit Polonnaruwa is from February to May, when the weather is warm and sunny.
  • Dress Code: Wear comfortable clothing and shoes suitable for walking and exploring.
  • Respect Local Customs: Remove your shoes before entering temples or homes, and avoid taking photos inside sacred areas.

Other Things of Interest:

  • Polonnaruwa Museum: The main museum complex displays artifacts, sculptures, and detailed historical information about the city’s development from the 11th century through its peak during King Parakramabahu I’s reign.
  • The Tissa Wewa Lake: An ancient man-made reservoir constructed as part of Parakramabahu’s sophisticated irrigation systems, offering scenic views and excellent birdwatching opportunities.
  • Parakrama Samudra (Sea of Parakrama): A massive ancient tank (reservoir) engineered by King Parakramabahu I, representing medieval hydraulic engineering mastery and still functional today.
  • Buddhist Meditation Centers: Several temples near the ruins offer meditation and Buddhist cultural experiences for visitors seeking spiritual engagement.
  • Local Art and Craft Shops: Workshops featuring traditional Lankan craftsmanship, stone carvings, and Buddha statues handmade by local artisans.

Getting There:

Polonnaruwa is easily accessible by car or bus from major cities in Sri Lanka, including Colombo and Kandy. The nearest airport is the Sigiriya Airport (GIY), which offers flights to Colombo and other destinations in Sri Lanka.

Come and explore the Ancient City of Polonnaruwa – a hidden gem that awaits your discovery!